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BGP neighbor states


BGP forms a unique, unicast-based connection to each of its BGP-speaking peers. BGP increased the reliability of the communication between peers, it uses TCP port 179 as it’s underlying delivery mechanism.


When BGP is configured with a neighbor IP address, it goes through a series of stages before it reaches the desired Established state in which BGP has negotiated all the required parameters and is willing to exchange BGP routes. BGP goes through the following stages of neighbor relationship, per RFC 1771:





1. IDLE State :  veryfing route to neighbor
BGP refuses all incoming connections. No BGP resources are allocated in Idle state, and no incoming BGP connections are allowed.


2. Connect State : 
BGP waits for a TCP connection to be completed. If successful, the BGP state machine moves into OpenSent state after sending the OPEN message to the peer. Failure in this state could result in either going into Active state or Connect state, or reverting back to Idle state, depending on the failure reasons.


3. Active State : attempting connectivity to neighbor
In this state, a TCP connection is initiated to establish a BGP peer relationship. If successful, BGP sends its OPEN message to the peer and moves to OpenSent state. Failure can result in going to the Active or Idle states.


4. OpentSent State : open message sent to neighbor
After sending an OPEN message to the peer, BGP waits in this state for the OPEN reply.
If a successful reply comes in, the BGP state moves to OpenConfirm and a keepalive is sent to the peer. Failure can result in sending the BGP state back to Idle or Active.


5. OpenConfirm State : neighbor replied with open message
The BGP state machine is one step away from reaching its final state (Established).
BGP waits in this state for keepalives from the peer. If successful, the state moves to Established; otherwise, the state moves back to Idle based on the errors.


6. Established State : connection between neighbors established
This is the state in which BGP can exchange information between the peers. The information can be updates, keepalives, or notification.




source: cisco.com

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